Strategic Planning for Digital Marketing CommunicationsSummative Essay

Key Planning for Digital Marketing CommunicationsSummative Assessment - Essay Example The worldwide downturn has intensely affected the economy of the United Kingdom which prompted the proportionate increment in the costs of the products and items. Less accessibility of money to the general population had amazingly hindered its business stream bringing about dormancy. Despite the fact that the food and beverages industry didn't go to a static point yet it got a huge blow as the food and drinking propensities discovered less expensive roads and the significant food joints were to a great extent influenced (Pesto,2013). 1a (ii) Business Challenges †Savy Consumers With the United Kingdom (UK) hooking under downturn, joblessness and other related troubles the buyers become too much fussy in issues of costs. Joined Kingdom (UK) has been moping under joblessness for quite a while, and thus there has been enormous measure of progress in their cost propensities. They have been diminished to the fundamental prerequisite things, which saw a huge drop of offer in the extrav agance things and other high worth great and administrations. The non-promising condition of the recuperation of the economy, poor financial strategies of the legislature has likewise neglected to guarantee the residents of monetary security and manageability. Therefore, the shoppers focused more on sparing than on spending. The negligible costs made by the purchasers were on the fundamental wares and less expensive adaptations of extravagance things that made them fulfilled of utilizing extravagance things in return of lesser cash. In such a circumstance it turned out to be altogether hard for a business house to sell their things and make an extensive benefit for supporting themselves (Pesto,2013). Industry Challenges 1a (iii) Industry Challenges †Market Competition Zouk being one of the separated eateries situated in a well known center is an image of class and extravagance. Such a separated brand is an additional favorable position for the sort of way of life drove by the r esidents of the United Kingdom until influenced by the financial downturn. Since the world downturn and joblessness for a more extended time has influenced the typical working of the United Kingdom, the food and refreshments industry has additionally been observable influenced. The shopper inclination has moved from top of the line extravagance living like royalty encounters to the less expensive food slows down. The less expensive food things present extraordinary rivalry and a danger to the net revenue of the Zouk’s which is works in quality food and food encounters. 1a (iv) Industry Challenges †Consumer Perception Zouk has been built up as a high finished, extravagance eatery that offers extraordinary food encounters. Notwithstanding long haul joblessness and incredible monetary downturn has left individuals with low dispensable livelihoods and extraordinary vulnerability that looms over their future. In such a situation, such marked and extravagance roads stay an ina ccessible article that scarcely anybody might want to visit. The purchaser inclination movements to less expensive food and food joints. A similar observation that earned Zouk the current status has antagonistically influenced its business in the hour of this monetary downturn and a delayed residency of joblessness that has immersed whole United Kingdom. So as to draw in the purchasers it brings to the table the less exorbitant items however it will offer ascent to various theories in regards to the nature of the offered menu. The clients would question the nature of the food in the menu due to its accessibility in lower costs. It has the chance of antagonistically influencing the picture of the café and its image

Gender Discrimination Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Gender Discrimination. Answer: Transcript Sexual orientation segregation is an idea that illuminates the way that people are not equivalent. This imbalance grows to the fields of their jobs, obligations, capacities, rights and obligations and so on. Conventional sexual orientation jobs are unequivocally characterized and very predominant in our general public today. These segregations have been existing in our way of life since quite a while and have been proceeding to adversy affect our general public since days of yore. In our current cultural set up, it has been seen that ladies are relied upon to satisfy jobs spend significant time in the local circle though mens jobs are attached carefully to open circle. This has prompted definitely various ways of life of ladies and men in the general public and frequently ladies end up at a grave impediment in the general public. As per UNDPs sexual orientation imbalance record Egypt positioned 111th out of 148 nations on the whole (United Nations improvement program, 2016). The general determined score of Egypts imbalance file is 0.59 while the ideal score would be 1.0. This is sufficiently proof to decide the elevated level of imbalance looked by the ladies of the nation. Sex disparity can be seen in various circles of life explicitly instruction, political cooperation, work openings and even their conceptive wellbeing. It has been seen that most ladies neglect to finish their auxiliary instruction. Truth be told, the proficiency rates alone show an error among youthful grown-ups with 93.2% male being impeccably proficient in contrast with 86.5% ladies. The situation is a lot of more awful for seniors of the house and just 15% of family heads were proficient according to the Human improvement report in 2006 (Ali, 2014). As far as joblessness, working ladies are neglected as well as rather they are looked downward on. Starting at 2012, just 24.2% of the all out workforce in the nation were ladies. The change is turning out to be gradually apparent particularly in the upper working class yet they despite everything have far to go. Just 13.4% ladies between the ages of 15 and 29 are either working or effectively looking for employments. One of the most upsetting components of sexual orientation segregation is sex based viciousness. Lewd behavior, aggressive behavior at home and sexual brutality is expanding step by step. This causes both physical just as mental injury in the person in question and has been a significant reason behind absence of certainty and dread among ladies. Most occurrences are not detailed. In spite of that an ongoing UN study shows that 99.3% of the ladies have face lewd behavior or something to that affect in their lives. These realities are profoundly upsetting and the effect that such frequencies have on a ladies are exceptionally underestimated. A ton of ladies have had the option to review their lewd behavior episodes even a very long time after their event. This just demonstrates how profoundly it impacts ladies. Sexual savagery cases are scarcely detailed due to the tremendous social shame appended to the issue. Most assault casualties are not tried to bring to the specialists while some are quickly indicted before they can even whine or recoup from the frequency. Usually ladies assault is trailed by respect murdering and it keeps ladies from looking for help on the issue. Regardless of expanding consciousness of the issue, it has been accounted for that more than 20000 ladies are assaulted every year and this number is calamitous. Aggressive behavior at home is another such issue which is scarcely ever brought to take note. The quantity of detailed and unreported instances of spouses being beaten by their husbands and viciousness rehearsed on ladies by their present or past husbands has been expanding constantly. The men practice this brutality under the shadow of their misguided Islamic culture. The most terrible that the ladies experience is female genital mutilation or female circumcision (Gallagher, 2016). This incorporates the technique of evacuating female genitalia. This act of FGM is shockingly normal in Egypt with an expected 90-97% of ladies having experienced a comparable method in their life expectancies. To finish up, I wish to express that sexual orientation separation is developing at an alarming rate. This hampers the development of the general public where we live. More than that, it has been expanding instances of discouragement and self destruction among ladies (Kira, 2015). In this time of globalization, expanding innovation and mindfulness, the start must be made with treating our ladies well and giving them the regard that they merit. Sex separation must be tended to effectively and the premise of which ought to be framed at school level. The more youthful age must pick up mindfulness and assume dynamic liability to handle the issue from its foundations. References Joined Nations, 2016, Human advancement reports, https://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII, recovered on 3 November, 2017. Kira, Ibrahim An., et al. Are the Negative Mental Health Effects of Gender Discrimination (GD) Salient across Cultures? Does Self-Esteem Mediate These Effects: GD as a Continuous Traumatic Stress and the Pathways to Its Negative Dynamics?Psychology6.01 (2015): 93. Ali, Jala, et al. Sex hole in essential training in Egypt. (2014). Gallagher, Carolyn An., and Raymond Arthur Smith. Issue Brief: Discrimination and Women/Gender Issues. (2016).

10 Ways to Stop Procrastinating and Start Getting Important Stuff Done!

10 Ways to Stop Procrastinating and Start Getting Important Stuff Done! About a year ago, I decided it was time to create a customer service survey. So I went on line, found a surveying program and created some questions. I even went so far as to show it to my business coach, Susan Thomson, to get her feedback. She made some suggestions which I incorporated. Then I did what so many of us do mid-project, which was to sit on my butt. The survey sat there, all dressed up and nowhere to go. I didn’t send it to a single soul. Things go that way sometimes. I have a flip camera, for instance, that I bought two years ago and used for the first time… ummm… a month ago. Even then, I did not post the video I took with the camera. There are also certain collections of notes and papers â€" the ones I’m not sure what to do with â€" that gather dust in piles. And my new printer sat in its box on the floor of my office for a week before I finally pulled it out and set it up. All these tasks, and more, live in the realm of “Important, not Urgent,” one of the four quadrants identified by Steven Covey in his best-selling business management book, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. Often, until something happens to make one of these items urgent (such as I need to print something and I can’t get my old printer to work), I am likely to procrastinate completing the task. Letting “Important, not Urgent” tasks fall by the wayside leads to a high-pressure life. If I wait until an item is urgent before doing it, then I set myself up for stress. Everything is always urgent! Plus I never get things done that would make a huge difference for me or my business, even though they might be high-priority tasks. Surveying my customers is one of those items that is highly important for my business, but not urgent. It will never get done if I wait for it to become urgent. I have found a few tricks that help me break through the wall of resistance that keeps “Important, not Urgent” things from getting done. 1. Take stock. Identify what’s important. Every quarter, I attend a meeting of small businesses through a business coaching organization, ActionCOACH. During these quarterly workdays, we go through exercises that are hugely valuable in getting perspective on our business priorities. This past January, client contact and assessment came up as a high priority for The Essay Expert. When I created my calendar of tasks to complete over the quarter, my stagnating client survey came up high on the list of things to do. 2. Break it down. Important tasks often seem overwhelming because they are multi-faceted. If I can break the tasks down into small, attackable pieces, then I stop feeling overwhelmed. I know I can do something like “Call virtual assistant to talk about survey options.” It’s so much less intimidating than “Survey all my past clients.” 3. Put it on the calendar. If my calendar tells me to “Prepare survey” or “create list of emails for survey recipients” at a certain date and time, I will either do it at that date and time or reschedule it so it gets done. I am a slave to my calendar and that’s a good thing. After my quarterly workday in January, survey-related tasks went onto my calendar. They started to get done. [This calendaring system is how I get my blog written every week as well. It’s on my calendar, so I do it!] 4. Make promises to other people. Create accountability! In my January blog article, The Essay Expert’s New Year’s “Ressaylutions”- Completing 2011 and Creating 2012, I promised you that I would be sending out a client survey. Suddenly I became accountable to someone else. Since I wanted to announce at the end of 2012 that I did what I promised, I got into action! 5. Get help. It didn’t take me long to realize that I was not going to do this survey thing on my own. So I got help. My new virtual assistant, Jeanne, handled some of the logistical pieces of getting the survey finalized and sent out. I asked my web designer to take care of creating a new email address, clientsurvey@theessayexpert.com, for purposes of administering the survey. Getting the support I needed accelerated the project tremendously. 6. Know the tools at your disposal. If you’re sending out a survey, it helps to use Survey Monkey. If you want to get piles of notes and papers off your desk, it helps to use a scanner and the brilliant cloud-based note-organizing program Evernote (www.evernote.com). If you draw on your resources, you will almost always find an easier and/or alternative way to do what you’ve been putting off. Ask around. Be on the lookout for new tools and techniques. Those overwhelming tasks might not be as complicated as you had imagined. 7. Take action. It always comes down to just doing it. If I don’t take action, then regardless of how many action items are on my calendar, I won’t get results. If I take action, especially well-considered action (see #1-6), I have a fighting chance! 8. Keep taking action. This item might sound a lot like #7. But it’s different. Someone very smart said that the secret to getting results in life is to keep taking action until you get them. You might take initial action, not get the result you want, and promptly give up. The key to getting important stuff done is to stay in action even when things look like they’re not working or not going fast enough. If you give up on taking action, you give up on your results. 9. Take responsibility. Whether your important tasks are getting done or not, you are the one who is responsible for the situation. Blaming outside circumstances (“The survey program wouldn’t let me ask the questions I wanted to ask!” or “I don’t have time!”) will stall you out. In the survey project, many things interrupted me and presented obstacles. I chose to find a way around them. 10. Celebrate! I am going to celebrate getting my survey out. Sure, there will be a whole set of new tasks to conquer when this one is complete. But first it’s time to acknowledge what got done. And it IS going out!! Step by step, with lots of support along the way, I completed this important task. If you are a past client, you probably got an email yesterday requesting that you complete The Essay Expert’s client survey. If not, please take some time to respond now. TEE Client Survey. I look forward to being able to report on the results! I’d love to hear what tasks you are putting off that might get done if you put the eight items above into action. What progress will you be able to celebrate three months from now?

Habits and Traits of the Ant Family

Ask any insect enthusiast how they became so interested in bugs, and hell probably mention childhood hours spent watching ants. Theres something fascinating about social insects, especially ones as diverse and evolved as the ants, the family Formicidae. Description Its easy to recognize ants, with narrow waists, bulbous abdomens, and elbowed antennae. In most cases, when you observe ants you are only seeing the workers, all of which are female. Ants live underground, in dead wood, or sometimes in plant cavities. Most ants are black, brown, tan, or red. All ants are social insects. With few exceptions, ant colonies divide labor between sterile workers, queens, and male reproductives, called alates. Winged queens and males fly in swarms to mate. Once mated, queens lose their wings and establish a new nest site; males die. Workers tend to the colonys offspring, even rescuing the pupae should the nest be disturbed. The all-female workforce also gathers food, constructs the nest, and keeps the colony clean. Ants perform important tasks in the ecosystems where they live. Formicids turn and aerate the soil, disperse seeds, and aid in pollination. Some ants defend their plant partners from attacks by herbivores. Classification Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – HymenopteraFamily – Formicidae Diet Feeding habits vary in the ant family. Most ants prey on small insects or scavenge bits of dead organisms. Many also feed on nectar or honeydew, the sweet substance left behind by aphids. Some ants actually garden, using gathered leaf bits to grow fungus in their nests. Life Cycle The complete metamorphosis of an ant may take from 6 weeks to 2 months. Fertilized eggs always produce females, while unfertilized eggs yield males. The queen can control the sex of her offspring by selectively fertilizing the eggs with sperm, which she stores after a single mating period. White, legless larvae hatch from eggs, completely dependent on worker ants for their care. The workers feed the larvae with regurgitated food. In some species, pupae look like colorless, immobile adults. In others, pupae spin a cocoon. New adults may take several days to darken into their final color. Special Adaptions and Defenses Ants employ a fascinating variety of behaviors to communicate and defend their colonies. Leafcutter ants cultivate a bacteria with antibiotic properties to keep unwanted fungi from growing in their nests. Others tend aphids, milking them to harvest sweet honeydew. Some ants use a modified ovipositor to sting, like their wasp cousins. Some ants function as little chemical factories. Ants of the genus Formica use a special abdominal gland to produce formic acid, an irritating substance they can squirt as they bite. Bullet ants inject a strong nerve toxin when they sting. Many ants take advantage of other species. Slave-making ant queens invade colonies of other ant species, killing the resident queens and enslaving her workers. Thief ants raid neighbor colonies, stealing food and even young. Range and Distribution Ants thrive throughout the world, living everywhere except Antarctica, Greenland, Iceland, and a few isolated islands. Most ants live underground or in dead or decaying wood. Scientists describe nearly 9,000 unique species of Formicids; almost 500 ant species inhabit North America. Sources Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallAnt Information, University of ArizonaFormicidae: Information, Animal Diversity Web

The Net Neutrality Laws - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 557 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Net Neutrality Essay Did you like this example? Kang In early March of 2018, an email service called Tutanota was unavailable for customers of Comcast. Once customers tried to connect to Tutanota with a different ISP (Internet Service Provider) it seemed to work. Consumers began to speculate, and as they thought Comcast had blocked traffic through the site, breaking the net neutrality laws. The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) wants to remove these laws and make it so ISPs can begin to discriminate any data they want, which could mean your favorite apps/websites will potentially be inaccessible. (Whittaker) The Net Neutrality laws should not be repealed because it could affect the internet for Americans negatively forever because your favorite apps or sites such as Netflix, Instagram, and Youtube can be blocked by your internet service provider. Also, these changes will affect anyone who uses the internet for anything. Anything done on the internet is tracked in data types called packets, with repealing net neutrality ISPs can track these packets, and see what sites you are visiting and what you are doing. I should not need to explain how this violates your privacy on many levels. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Net Neutrality Laws" essay for you Create order So, you may be wondering, why in the heck would anyone want to get rid of these laws? There are two reasons, the first being that the internet service providers want to make a lot of money, and secondly, people think it will actually help make internet cheaper. People think it will make internet cheaper because the net neutrality laws violate the free market. The free market is a term commonly used in economics that describes the concept that the government has no regulation on how businesses charge their customers. For example, if pizza place #1 sells their pizzas for $10, pizza place #2 will sell theres for $5 so that more people will buy pizzas because they are much cheaper. Its basic economics, the more heavily you regulate something, the less of it youre likely to get. Says Ajit Pai So, in theory, the prices of the internet could go down, because ISPs like Comcast and Verizon will compete, but there is one flaw. That flaw is monopolies, not the fun board game, but rather a problem in economics. A monopoly is when there is only one provider of certain goods or services. Pseudo monopolies are a common thing, and it is when there is one provider to a certain community, like a town. Pseudo monopolies rule the community in their department, whether that be cable, power, or internet. So, how is this a flaw in the free market? Well, the point of the free market is for business to compete, and reduce their prices to gain more customers, in a monopoly, there is no competition, and ISPs will charge as much as they please because consumers will have no competitor to go to. So, imagine if there was one grocery store or restaurant in your area, they would charge very unreasonable amounts due to the supply and demand. So, in conclusion, the repealing of the net neutrality laws put in place by Obama in 2015 will make internet potentially cost more, and it will violate consumers privacy crucially. Even though these new laws are being put in place, it is not too late, Americans need to stand up for their freedom and rule against the laws the FCC is beginning to put in place.

Life of the Prophet Jeremiah Free Essays

More is known of the life of Jeremiah than of any other literary prophet. He began prophesying in the thirteenth year of the reign of King Josiah (1:2; 25:3), i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of the Prophet Jeremiah or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 627 B. C. , when Jeremiah was but a youth (1:6). Jeremiah was a reluctant prophet, but felt compelled to speak God’s word (20:9). He prophesied until after Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem in 586 B. C. (39:1-10; 43:7-8; 44:1), and his ministry lasted a total of about fifty years. Josiah’s great religious reformation came in the early part of Jeremiah’s work (cf. Kings chapters 22-23), but the reforms did not reach the hearts of the people, for they were still rebellious (25:1-7). The Jews opposed Jeremiah and his work from the very outset. First, the citizens of his native Anathoth tried to stop his work and even attempted to kill him (11:18-23). Even his kinsmen opposed him (12:6). Jeremiah later moved to Jerusalem, but he endured inveterate opposition there also. When King Josiah died, Jeremiah lamented his death (2 Chron. 35:25). Jeremiah prophesied against Josiah’s wicked successors: Jehoahaz (also called â€Å"Shallum†) (22:11-17), Jehoiakim (22:18-19), and Jeconiah (i. . , Coniah or Jehoiachin) (22:24- In the very year Nebuchadnezzar came against Jerusalem, Jeremiah announced both his coming and the seventy year captivity of the Jews (25:1-14). Under the rule of Jehoiakim, Jeremiah preached a great sermon in the temple in Jerusalem (chapters 7-9). After this the princes, prophets, and priests of Judah called for his death (26:8-11). However, Jeremiah was delivered at that time (26:24). At the Lord’s direction, Jeremiah dictated his prophecies to Baruch, who wrote them on a scroll (36:1-8). However, when King Jehoiakim read the scroll, he was so angry he cut it with a scribe’s knife and threw it into the fire (36:20-25). The king commanded that Jeremiah and Baruch be seized, but the Lord hid them (36:26). Jeremiah dictated the prophecies to Baruch again and added others (36:27-32). Jeremiah urged King Zedekiah to be faithful to Nebuchadnezzar, but Zedekiah refused (27:12-22). The Babylonians besieged Jerusalem, and great suffering resulted. Later, Jeremiah was accused of trying to defect to the enemy and was placed in prison (37:11-15). Subsequently the king transferred him from the dungeon to the court of the prison and gave him a daily ration of bread (37:17-21). When Jeremiah again prophesied against Jerusalem, the king turned him over to the princes, who threw him into a dungeon, the bottom of which was filled with mud, into which Jeremiah sank (38:1-6). Jeremiah would have died there, had he not been rescued by Ebed-Melech, an Ethiopian eunuch of the king’s house (38:7-13). When Nebuchadnezzar took Jerusalem, he let Jeremiah go free to his own home (39:11-14). A mutinous band of Jews murdered Gedaliah, who had been appointed governor by Nebuchadnezzar (41:1-3). They decided to flee to Egypt for safety, taking Jeremiah with them as a hostage (43:1-7). They took Jeremiah to Tahpanes in Egypt, where he continued to prophesy against them (43:8 – 44:1). The life of Jeremiah was one of sorrow upon sorrow. His people whom he loved and with whom he pleaded unceasingly for fifty years continually refused to hear him, rewarded his labor with rejection and persecution, and eventually perished as the result. How to cite Life of the Prophet Jeremiah, Essays

Impromptu or Extemporaneous Speaking free essay sample

While many of us do not like to speak in front of people, there are times when we are asked to get up and say a few words about someone or a topic when we have not planned on saying anything at all. We are more shocked than anyone else. Has this ever happened to you? If and when this does happen to you, be prepared to rise to the challenge. Below are some tips you can use the next time you are called on to speak. C] Decide quickly what your one message will be Keep in mind you have not been asked to give a speech but to make some impromptu remarks.Hopefully they eave asked you early enough so you can at least jot down a few notes before you speak. If not, pick ONE message or comment and focus on that one mall Idea. Many times, other Ideas may come to you after you start speaking. If this happens, go with the flow and trust your instincts. D Do not try and memorize what you will say Trying to memorize will only make you more nervous and you will find yourself thinking more about the words and not about the message. Start off strong and with confidence If you at least plan your opening statement, this will get you started on the right foot.After all, just like with any formal speech, getting started is the most difficult. Plan what your first sentence will be. You may even write this opening line down on your note card and glance at it one more time Just before you begin speaking. If you know you have three points or Ideas to say, Just start off simple by saying, l would just like to talk about 3 points. The first point is. .. The second point is And so on. 0 Decide on your transitions from one point to the other After you have decided on your opening remark or line, come up with a simple transition statement that takes you to your mall point. If you have more than one point to make, you can use a natural translator such as, My second point Is Or my next point is Etc. Just list on your note card or napkin, if you have to, the main points or ideas. Do not write out the exact words, but Just the points you want to mention. 0 Maintain eye contact with the audience This Is easier to do if you do not write down all kinds of stuff to read. Look down at your next Idea or thought and maintain eye contact with your audience and speak from your heart. Focus on communicating TO your audience and not speaking AT the crowd.Occasionally Throw in an off-the- cuff remark Because you want your style to be flexible and seem impromptu, trust your Instinct and add a few words which Just pop Into your head. Keep It conversational and think of the audience as a group of your friends. D Finally, have a good conclusion Gracefully Just state, And the last point I would like to make is Once you have made your last point, you can then turn control back to the person who asked you to speak In the first place. With a little practice, this process will feel more natural to you.Anticipating that you MAY be asked to say a few words should Orca you to at least think about what you might say if you are asked. Then if you ARE asked, you are better prepared because you anticipated being asked. This is much better than thinking they wont ask you and they actually do! Impromptu Speech An impromptu speech will unnerve the best public speaker. One of the most 1 OFF notice. When caught off guard, many people can suffer extreme anxiety about speaking off the cuff. Thats why smart people are always prepared.Teachers will sometime assign impromptu speeches based on homework assignments. While this may seem like a cruel trick from a students point of view, it is actually great reparation for life. With Little or No Time to Prepare An Impromptu or Unexpected Speech Rarely will you be asked to stand and deliver a speech with no warning and no time to organize your thoughts. This would be unusual in the classroom, unless the teacher is attempting to make a point about the importance of preparedness. Nonetheless, at some point in your life you may be asked to speak without notice.There are a few things you can do to avoid panic and embarrassment. 1. Grab a pen and a piece of paper, whether it is a napkin, envelope, or the back of a piece of paper you have on hand. 2. Feel free to acknowledge that you have not prepared or a speech. Do this in a professional way! This should not be an attempt to garner pity, but rather a way to put yourself and your audience at ease. Then, excuse yourself for a moment and take time to Jot down a quick outline. Zone out the audience. They will be okay chatting and sipping water for a minute. 3.Jot down interesting or significant points about your topic, which will be related in some way to the event youre attending. If it is a homework assignment you are addressing, for instance, write down your impression of the assignment or anecdotes about your time spent on it. Was it difficult? Why? Did you run into any road blocks during this assignment? Did you have the material you needed? Did your little brother interrupt you several times? If you do nothing else, write down an introductory sentence and an ending sentence. Your ending line is particularly important.If you can walk away gracefully, your speech will be a success. Keep your zinger for last. 4. Hijack the topic. Your goal is to deliver a one-sided conversation, off the cuff, so you are in complete control. Relax and make it your own. If you want to make this a funny story about your pesky little brother who always bothers you during homework time, then do it. Everyone will applaud your effort. 5. Begin with your introductory sentence, elaborate, then start working your way to your ending sentence. Fill in the middle space with as many points as you can, elaborating on each one as you go.Just concentrate on the zinger youve reserved for the end. 6. As you deliver your speech, concentrate on diction and tone. If you are thinking about this, you are not thinking about the eyes watching you. This really works! Your mind cant think about too many things at once, so think about enunciating your words and controlling your tone, and youll maintain more control. Impromptu Speech In Fifteen Minutes Often you will have some time to prepare for a speech, even if it is fifteen minutes. The most important thing you can do during your preparation time is write an outline.Your speech should be informative, naturally, but a really good speech will also evoke some emotion in your audience. As you plan your speech, consider whether you want to convince, inspire, amuse, or enlighten your audience. 1. Examine your topic. Does it lend itself well to a comparison? Examples? A demonstration? Decide on one method and begin your outline. 2. Consider your Identify your strengths to help organize your thoughts. For instance, if your impromptu topic concerns dress codes in school, you may want to Joke about your own wardrobe during your introduction, then re-visit that thought during your ending.However, you may be more comfortable expressing your opinion to others. If so, dont try to be funny. Pick a style that suits your personality. 3. Make an outline. Think of several points and organize them. Keep a great line for the ending. If you do nothing else, write down an introductory sentence and an ending sentence. 4. Practice your beginning and your ending. These are the most stressful parts of your speech, and the most critical when it comes to good delivery. When you are comfortable with your beginning and ending, then practice your body.List several points and find ways to elaborate on each one. 5. Give yourself a minute or two to relax. Wrap up your practice at least a few minutes before you speak. Give yourself time to reflect and relax. 6. As you deliver your speech, concentrate on diction and tone. If you are thinking about this, you are not thinking about the eyes watching you. This really works. Your mind cant think about too many things at once, so think about enunciating your words and controlling your tone, and youll maintain more control.

Socialism Essays - Thought, Political Philosophy, Politics

Socialism The term socialism is commonly used to refer both to an ideology a comprehensive set of beliefs or ideas about the nature of human society and its future desirable state--and to a state of society based on that ideology. Socialists have always claimed to stand above all for the values of equality, social justice, cooperation, progress, and individual freedom and happiness, and they have generally sought to realize these values by the abolition of the private-enterprise economy (see CAPITALISM) and its replacement by "public ownership," a system of social or state control over production and distribution. Methods of transformation advocated by socialists range from constitutional change to violent revolution. ORIGINS OF SOCIALISM Some scholars believe that the basic principles of socialism were derived from the philosophy of Plato, the teachings of the Hebrew prophets, and some parts of the New Testament (the S ermon on the Mount, for example). Modern socialist ideology, however, is essentially a joint product of the 1789 French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in England--the word socialist first occurred in an English journal in 1827. These two great historical events, establishing democratic government in France and the conditions for vast future economic expansion in England, also engendered a state of incipient conflict between the property owners (the bourgeoisie) and the growing class of industrial workers; socialists have since been striving to eliminate or at least mitigate this conflict. The first socialist movement emerged in France after the Revolution and was led by Francois BABEUF, Filippo Buonarrotti (1761-1837), and Louis Auguste BLANQUI; Babeuf's revolt of 1796 was a failure. Other early socialist thinkers, such as the comte de SAINT-SIMON, Charles FOURIER, and Etienne CABET in France and Robert OWE N and William Thompson (c.1785-1833) in England, believed in the possibility of peaceful and gradual transformation to a socialist society by the founding of small experimental communities; hence, later socialist writers dubbed them with the label utopian. THE EMERGENCE OF MARXISM In the mid-19th century, more-elaborate socialist theories were developed, and eventually relatively small but potent socialist movements spread. The German thinkers Karl MARX and Friedrich ENGELS produced at that time what has since been generally regarded as the most sophisticated and influential doctrine of socialism. Marx, who was influenced in his youth by German idealist philosophy and the humanism of Ludwig Andreas FEUERBACH, believed that human beings, and particularly workers, were "alienated" in modern capitalist society; he argued in his early writings that the institution of private property would have to be completely abolished bef ore the individual could be reconciled with both society and nature. His mature doctrine, however, worked out in collaboration with Engels and based on the teachings of classical English political economy, struck a harder note, and Marx claimed for it "scientific" status. The first important document of mature MARXISM, the COMMUNIST MANIFESTO (1848), written with Engels, asserted that all known human history is essentially the history of social classes locked in conflict. There has in the past always been a ruling and an oppressed class. The modern, or bourgeois, epoch, characterized by the capitalist mode of production with manufacturing industry and a free market, would lead according to Marx and Engels to the growing intensity of the struggle between capitalists and workers (the proletariat), the latter being progressively impoverished and as a result assuming an increasingly revolutionary attitude. Marx further asserted, in his most famou s work, Das KAPITAL, that the capitalist employer of labor had, in order to make a profit, to extract "surplus value" from his employees, thereby exploiting them and reducing them to "wage-slavery." The modern state, with its government and law-enforcing agencies, was solely the executive organ of the capitalist class. Religion, philosophy, and most other forms of culture likewise simply fulfilled the "ideological" function of making the working class contented with their subordinate position. Capitalism, however, as Marx claimed, would soon and necessarily grind to a halt: economic factors, such as the diminishing rate of profit, as well as the political factor of increasing proletarian "class consciousness" would result in the forcible overthrow of the existing system and its immediate replacement by the "dictatorship of the proletariat." This dictatorship would soon be superseded by the system of socialism, in which private

buy custom Global Macro-Practice in Human Services essay

buy custom Global Macro-Practice in Human Services essay Origin of HIV/AIDS There have been numerous controversies, revolving around the origin of HIV/AIDS. Many well-known scientists have been brain-teased and puzzled for decades over the origin of HIV/AIDS since its emergence in early 1980s. For over twenty five years now, ferocious debates and arguments have surrounded this matter. Countless suggestions and theories have been developed to clarify this bewildering issue. Although up to date, nobody knows the exact truth about the source of HIV/AIDS, numerous theories have been formulated to explain its origin. Some of these theories are the hunter theory, conspiracy theory, contaminated needle theory and colonialism theory (Feldman Miller, 1998). First, there is the fascinating hunter theory, which postulates that human beings, who were alleged to be of African origin, got infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as they were preparing a chimpanzee for food. The chimpanzee happened to have Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, which is similar to HIV virus. However, this theory has been refuted by recent medical scientists who claim that the HIV virus could not be transmitted that way. Secondly, the oral polio vaccine theory was developed in a symposium in Royal Society, London. During the symposium, it was thought that HIV virus must have originated from oral polio vaccine, which was developed from monkeys. However, the delegates at the symposium later disagreed on the possibility of transmission of the virus from monkeys to human beings (Levy, 2008). The colonialism theory suggests that HIV/AIDS resulted from poor living conditions that prevailed in colonial and slavery camps during the colonial period. It explains that this filthy and unhealthy environment made the slaves immune systems weak and they consequently became vulnerable to infections. Moreover, the colonialists could use unsterilized needles on the slaves. This happened in ertain parts of Africa, where colonialists were received harshly, for example, in Democratic Republic of Congo (Falola Heaton, 2007). Another theory that tries to explain the origin of HIV/AIDS is the contaminated needle theory, which is an extension of the hunter theory. The theory suggests that HIV/AIDS was spread in Africa through use of plastic syringes to inject multiple patients. This could have happened without proper sterilization, thereby infecting the numerous people. HIV/AIDS could be easily transferred from one person to another. The major weakness of this theory is that it only explains how the virus was spread, without elaborating its original source. The conspiracy theory, on the other hand, suggests that HIV/AIDS was man-made. Some scientists believe that HIV/AIDS was manufactured as a biological weapon to be used during warfare to wipe out large population of blacks and homosexuals. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, which is believed to have originated from non-human primates in sub-Saharan Africa. It was transferred to humans between late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. However, most medical researchers have agreed that HIV evolution was simultaneous to the evolution of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which was later transferred to humans through zoonosis. In conclusion, it is worth noting that there are various unresolved issues, surrounding the emergence and origin of HIV/AIDS. For instance, there is no explanation of why only four types of HIV groups have been spreading in human beings. It is also unclear why all the epidemic HIV groups emerged in humans nearly simultaneously. Additionally, there are no reasons given as to why the spread of HIV/AIDS begun only in the twentieth century, yet human beings were exposed to simian immunodeficiency virus several years ago. Demographics of Origin According to Beatricee Hahn and Paul Sharp, HIV/AIDS epidemic mirrors and replicates changes in population structure and behavior, especially in Africa during the twentieth century (Falola Heaton, 2007). Certain theories argue that HIV/AIDS do not exist and that Aids is not caused by HIV. The proponents of these theories believed that HIV/AIDS is caused by an individuals lifestyles, for example, sexuality and drug use. Additionally, certain conspiracy theories believe that HIV/AIDS was manufactured in a laboratory to be used as a weapon for use in genocide. However, these theories have been rejected by worlds prominent scientists through a consensus. Affected Populations There are two types of HIV viruses that affect human beings, that is, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Medical researchers have shown that HIV-1 virus is more vituperative, dangerous and can be easily transmitted. It is the cause of majority of HIV infections globally. HIV/AIDS is believed to predominate mainly in Africa. However, this is not the case. HIV/AIDS is a global epidemic. It affects all nations around the globe. For instance, in the USA, the first case of HIV infection was reported in early 1980s. It was believed the most affected people are the gay men. Currently, HIV/AIDS produces a huge number of deaths annually amongst children and youths. Past medical data reveals that more than half of the deaths, caused by HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa occur in men, while approximately seventy percent of such deaths in India occur in women (Holmberg, 2008). Additionally, the World Health Organization estimates that the average age of people who die of HIV/AIDS ranges from fifteen years to forty five years (Holmberg, 2008). It is believed that HIV/AIDS deaths are generally inclined towards the men. More often than not, most men die of HIV/AIDS than their female counterparts. The death rate is high among the youth due to their lifestyles, especially sexual behaviors that increase their exposure as well as excessive drug use. Buy custom Global Macro-Practice in Human Services essay

Mathematics and the U.S. Presidential Elections Essay

Mathematics and the U.S. Presidential Elections - Essay Example Moreover, this paper will discuss how the processes and concepts involved in the US Presidential Elections may be related to mathematics. The US Presidential elections happen every four years, starting from 1792. The existing process came about as a middle ground to appease the two arguing groups in which one wanted the Congress to appoint the President while the other wanted the elections to go by popular vote (Schantz). This compromise led to how the elections process goes on now. In the current electoral process, the Electoral College is responsible for electing the next president of the United States of America. The Electoral College is composed of electors from different states of the country. The number of electors that a state may have depends on the number of representatives that it has in the combined houses of Congress (Harris and Tichenor). The candidate who wins a majority of the electoral votes (270 out of 538) wins the US presidency as well. This elections process is qu ite different from other election processes in such that elections outside of the United States are usually won by popular vote. Each registered citizen of the country has the same contribution as every other citizen of the country. ... Again, with plurality voting, every person gets the same exact chance and â€Å"power† as another to decide on the next US president. Since all that is needed to win the elections is to have the most number of votes among the candidates, then it is not a requirement to acquire majority of the votes. As such, with four people competing for the same post, it is possible for somebody to acquire 26% of the votes (obviously not the majority) and still win. Relating such a concept to mathematics, all that is needed is for A > B > C > D. Moreover, that A’s votes ? 50% + 1 (indicating the majority) is not really a requirement. The Electoral College system in voting for the US President presents a more complex form of mathematics than that. Each state is given its respective weight in terms of votes, depending on its population. The candidate, then, that receives majority of the electoral votes and not necessarily majority of the states or majority of the people’s votes, wins the election (Schantz). For a very rough example, suppose we have Alice, Ben, Cathy, Dennis, and Earl deciding which of two ice cream parlors to go to. Because of their different sizes, they also get to have different â€Å"voting powers† in deciding their place of destination. Alice and Ben each weighs twice as much as Cathy, Dennis weighs three times as much as Cathy, while Earl weighs four times as much as Cathy. Thus, Alice and Ben each gets two voting points, Cathy gets one voting point, Dennis gets three voting points, and Earl gets four voting points. If it were merely up to the popular vote, the ice cream parlor which gets three votes would automatically win. However, with this scenario, we can see that if Dennis (3 points) and Earl (4 points) votes for

Judiciary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Judiciary - Essay Example Due to relative lack of US Constitution to address certain issues, judiciary became important and was forced to intervene into the political matters. The matter of appointment of judges and the way ideological familiarity was considered also allowed Supreme Court to change its overall role. The appointments specially made during the Reagan administration proved as controversial which allowed the ideological split within the court. What is however, critical to note that Rehnquist Court which was not as forceful in creating judicial activism. Justice Roberts too was a firm believer in the judicial modesty and it was during these periods that US went on to war without any significant resistance from Court. (Lasser, 2011) Leaving political decisions to courts may force courts to actually overstate their constitutional mandate and become involved in issues which may not have any precedent or references to constitutional history of the

An Spanish American War History Essay

An Spanish American War History Essay This paper discusses about the war between Spain and United States and the summaries the causes of Spanish and American war. It also details the significant events during the Spanish-American war. This paper describes the important terms, people and events of Spanish -American war. It examines the Spanish-Cuban Tensions and the Yellow Journalism of Spanish -American war. This paper also provides the American Imperialism and Treaty of Paris. It states the effects of the Treaty of Paris during the Spanish-American war. This paper concludes this concept by providing the essential concept of Spanish-American war. Spanish- American War Summary of Spanish- American war The Spanish-American war was a conflict between America and Spain in 1898 effectively due to the intervention of US in the ongoing Cuban War of Independence. United States was attacked Pacific possessions of Spain led to the involvement in the case of Philippine Revolution as well as to Philippine- American war. The public opinion of America was grown at reports of Spanish Atrocities in Cuba. United States tariff had put restrictions on sugar imports to America and severely hurt the economy of Cuba that was dependent on the producing and selling sugar. The main issue was that Cuban independence, the ten-week war was fought in the case of both Caribbean and Pacific. United States had many business men with the investment interests in the case of Cuba that became concerned. The public of United States was stirred into anti- Spain frenzy due to the Yellow journalism of men including Hearst and Pulitzer. In 1898, America was dispatched the USS Maine on a friendly mission to Cuba. American fought the war in the case of fronts such as Cuba after the declaration. In 1898, the Treaty of Paris was signed in order to ending the Spanish- American war. After the Spanish-American war, America was improved Cuba in the case of infrastructure and educational systems and United States had also decided to move from their places. In 1901, America was forced Cuba for inserting the Platt Amendment in the case of their constitution that have given the US military base. America was also kept the Island countries for ships in Cuba. This is the summary of Spanish-American war. Increasing Spanish-Cuban Tensions (19th century) Cuba had been a colony of Spain and this Spain was dependent upon sugar production. In 19th century, many people in Cuba were dissatisfied with the ruling Spanish regime. The government of Spanish was also riddled with the inefficient, corruption and unwilling for granting Cuban populations. As a result, nationalist of Cuban people wanted for ending Spanish rule for the protection of Cuban. After the war, Spanish promised reforms and but the nationalists assumed this too late. The Spanish would leave for US intervention and because of American had significant economic investment in Cuba. In 1896, the Spanish was sent the general to Cuba in order to putting down the insurrection and the general was built the camps in order to prevent the insurrectos from leading population against Spanish rule. In Cuba, the segments of US public were outraged by the reports of atrocities. In 1895, Cuban revolt included a general opposition to a long history of Spanish control. The tariff raised prices in the sugar products that were imported from Cuba in the case of protecting US sugar growers. American Imperialism (1898) The imperialist behaviour of United States was occurred in 1898 that has been a great historical attention. America had commonly claimed for standing in opposition for the practising of taking of colonies to be democracy for all. During this war, the German and British were the famous countries and those countries were not involved in Spanish- American war. This war was required the help of these two countries in the event of serious fighting. United Kingdom required for offsetting German intimidation in order to foster better relation between Britain and America. The ground troops of America were arrived in the Philippines and the US troops allied with the Filipino for fighting against Spain. This Spanish and American war proved the importance of Pacific Islands among to these countries. The Pacific cross road was used for supplying the US Navy in future operations in Pacific Islands. In 1898, Hawaii could be easily performed as a coaling station without formal annexation and because American businessmen had also controlled the Island anyway. The imperialism of American was anti-colonialism of the early republic and but conscious options dependent upon the economic motivations and that held true before 1898. This was the imperialism of United States. Treaty of Paris (1898) The Treaty of Paris was the agreement that was signed on 1898 at the end of Spanish- American war. The Treaty of Paris also indicated the concluded stage of Spanish Empire and the Pacific Ocean. The Treaty of Paris granted to United States the rights of Ownership to Guam and Puerto Rico. After the agreement, Cuba region was given to Cuban in the case of Treaty of Paris of 1989 and the Spain was considered the tremendous financial debt Cuba owed towards United States. America agreed in order to paying twenty million dollars for the Philippines according to their agreement. The Treaty of Paris was also eliminated the presence of Spanish Empire with the America and in the case of Islands of the Pacific region. The Treaty of Paris was also made several privileges to Cuba and the Cuban people were satisfied with this agreement. After the agreement, America decided to replace from Cubans place and they constructed many elements for the enhancement of Cuban people. Conclusion The

Children, Media, and Violence Essay -- Media Violence and Aggression

"The evidence is overwhelming. To argue against it, the link between media violence and teen violence is like arguing against gravity," said Jeffrey McIntyre, legislative and federal affairs officer for the American Psychological Association. As children are exposed to acts of violence in the media through television, video games, music, movies, etc. alarming results are occurring. The main negative effect being an increase in aggression among youth who are regularly exposed to the media and an increase in violent patterns as they mature into adulthood. If not resolved this problem of violence in the media will continue to push children, youth and adults to acts of aggression such as verbal and physical abuse and other more serious crimes. On average an American child will see 16,000 murders and 200,000 acts of violence by the age of 18 through the television. Thousands of studies from the 1950s to the present day have all suggested that viewing violent acts will increase violent behavior while only less than 20 have suggested otherwise (Boyse). As our children are exposed to these 16,000 murders and 200,000 violent acts one can only conclude that aggression, crime and violence can only increase in our younger generations from being exposed to the current media. One study, done by a panel of experts, showed that when youth are exposed short term to violent movies, television and video games that there is an increase in aggressive thinking and behavior. Their studies also show a long term effect into adulthood when individuals are continually exposed to violent media growing up, with spouse abuse and other aggressive acts (Huesmann). I personally remember growing up playing violent video games such as Halo and hearing, ... ...Mathis Grayson, Charlotte. â€Å"Media Violence May Affect Children's Minds.† WebMD. June 2005. Web. March 2012 Palo Alto Medical Foundation. 2012. Sutter Health. 3 March 2012 Park, Alice. â€Å"How Playing Violent Video Games May Change the Brain.† Healthland: Time Mag., 2 Dec. 2011. Web. March 2012. Wang, Yang. â€Å"Violent Video Games Alter Brain Function in Young Men.† Medical School News 1 Dec. 2011. Indiana U. Web. March 2012.

Science and Religion

Science and Religion (SRP 420) Science and Religion–two disciplines that at first glance seem to be completely separate modes of thought. After more careful examination one comes to realize that they bump into each other often. Indeed, science and religion seem to have a complex history involving both conflict and resolution. Many theologians, philosophers, and scientists have developed theories on how science and religion can coexist. One such man is John Polkinghorne a scientist and philosopher; he has developed his own theory on the relationship between science and religion.In the first chapter of his book Quarks, Chaos, and Christianity Polkinghorne lays out his theory for the coexistence of science and religion. He begins by discussing the impressiveness of science and its many accomplishments. Next he goes on to discuss the truth of religion and challenges the claim that religion is simply a personal truth or an opinion, while science is fact. He quickly claims this stat ement is false, because making this conclusion would be a, â€Å"fundamental mistake of the most disastrous kind† (Polkinghorne, 2).This faulty conclusion about the integration of science and religion, according to Polkinghorne, has is often made because of two mistakes: about the basis of scientific knowledge and the other about religious belief. The general mistake that has been made about science is that it is a simple process in which a prediction is formulated, an experiment is performed, and presto a new discovery is made. In actuality there is much more involved in the art of scientific discovery. For instance, scientists often do not have pure facts, but rather they are dealing with knowledge that they must interpret for themselves.To interpret knowledge, according to Polkinghorne, is often quite difficult and requires one to formulate a point of view or an opinion in order to reach a conclusion. Choosing a point of view or having an opinion requires people to be bold and brave because they are betting things happen in a certain way. Therefore in science fact and opinion are constantly mixed up with one another. The major mistake people make in religion is that is that it involves a kind of â€Å"leap into the dark† (Polkinghorne, 10). While religion does involve faith and faith does sometimes require a leap, it is in no way a leap into the dark.Polkinghorne criticizes this theory by asking a variety of questions such as: what would be the purpose of religion if this were true? Why would anyone be religious if it involved such blind trust? (Polkinghorne, 2) Therefore, he concludes religion must be a leap of faith, but it is a leap into the light. The main point Polkinghorne is making here is that religion can only be of real value if it is actually true, otherwise he claims religion would simply only be a, â€Å"technique for whistling in the dark to keep our spirits up† (Polkinghorne, 14).The conclusion reached at the end of the a rgument is that science and religion are â€Å"intellectual cousins,† (Polkinghorne, 11) in that they are both searching for truth, but neither can say that they have achieved it and each must base its conclusions on an interaction between interpretation, experience, and opinion. They both also must always be open to corrections if mistakes are found, because they are part of a kind of wonderful human journey to understand and be in sync with the physical and spiritual world around us.Nevertheless, there are major differences between science and religion that cannot be overlooked, and Polikinghorne points out these differences. Essentially science is dealing with a physical world that we are able to poke and prod even if we cannot always see exactly what is happening. However, religion cannot be put to an experimental test in the same way that science can. Although science and religion are different in this way they are still both attempts to understand even if they go about in different ways. Overall, I think Polkinghorne offered a solid argument for the coexistence of science and religion.As a science major I really appreciate the fact that Polkinghorne is an inhabitant of both the scientific and religious community. Like Polkinghorne I agree with the argument that neither science nor religion can offer an ultimate understanding of the world around us, but if they work together in harmony it is possible that they will eventually be able to achieve a greater understanding. In considering science and religion one must understand that neither can tell you everything and believing that one form of knowing can tell you everything forces a person to take a very diminished view of life.In conclusion, Polkinghorne offers a simple and straightforward argument for how science and religion can exist together without contradiction. While the argument if fairly simple it is also effective and the main point is that science and religion are just different attempts to answer the same questions. Neither can answer these questions on their own to achieve greater understanding of the physical and spiritual world around us, both science and religion must be considered. Works Cited Polikinghorne, John. Quarks, Chaos, & Christianity. NY: Crossroads, 1994.

History Of Polynesian Tattoos - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1544 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/06 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Tattoo Essay Did you like this example? Polynesian tattoos, commonly known as to us as tribal tattoos play a big role in culture of any Pacific Islander. These sacred markings have a lot of meaning, and may even be seen as offensive if worn by a person that is not of the previously stated land. They can mean a number of things based on location of the body or whether the person is a man or woman. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History Of Polynesian Tattoos" essay for you Create order Even the slightest discrepancy in shape could change the meaning of the tattoo. In this essay, we will discuss the many elements of Polynesian tattoos, where they came from, and why they mean so much to the people of the Pacific. In 1778, Captain James Cook sailed to Hawaii, specifically the island of Kauai. Upon arrival, Captain Cook was very surprised by the deep respect that the Hawaiians had for their ancestors. However, while on the island, Cook came across a number of people, and these people mistook him for Lono, a Hawaiian God who is associated with fertility, agriculture, rainfall, music and peace, because his ships masts and sails looked like an insignia of the God. Cook was treated well and with respect while he was on the island because of the mistaken identity. After his visit, he went to the Americas and brought tattooing there. That is where the word tattoo comes from. Mainland people couldnt pronounce tatau, so they just said tattoo. Nonetheless, things turned around rather quickly when James Cook returned to the Hawaiian Islands for a repair on his ship. The people realized this is not Lono, so they killed Captain Cook right there on the shore. Peace in Hawaii didnt last long either, because after that, settlers came and began to colonize the islands, and on May 8, 1819, King Kamehameha I, one one Hawaii greatest rulers, passed away. This led the Kapu System † a set of taboos that regulated behaviors † to slowly disappear. As the colonizers took over the islands, the began to infiltrate other places. Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, and even New Zealand. The Kapu System, traditional dances, celebratory garments, and so many other sacred cultural things, including tatau (tattoos), disappeared. Inking of the body began within Polynesia specifically for war. Polynesians thought that the tattoos looked scary! Tattoos for war were placed on the head and neck to symbolize knowledge and wisdom, the chest to symbolize honor, the lower torso for courage and independence, and the upper arms to symbolize strength and bravery. These were classic tattoos for men because in those days, they were typically called for war. Men that did not fight in wars were only to be tattooed on the right side of the body. Women would typically get tattooed on the left side of their body on the lower arms and hands for craft or creation, and on the lower torso for procreation and sexuality. During ceremonial occasions, women would be tattooed on the hands. This was called lima, and it was required to be able to drink kava, which is a drink made from the root of a kava plant that is served in big celebrations and also in many royal settings. Each different shape and design means something different, and there are many different designs that have so many meanings. This plays a big role in why Polynesians frown upon those who get tatau and are not of Pacific Islander descent. So, going on with how shapes and designs have varied meanings, this means that a warrior or chief could not have the same tattoos as a woman or civilian man. This also applies to people of higher power, such as Kings and Queens. They could have similar or the same tattoos because they are of the same ranking, but a man couldnt have the same tattoos as a woman because men are believed to be more powerful and held higher than a woman. This quickly changed when Queen Liliuoikalani came into power, but ta lking about that would consist of another essay. Tattoos were traditionally applied to the body in very a unique way. Polynesian people used the stick and poke method. This method is still used to this day. Though it isnt sanitary, Polynesians try to connect with our roots a much as possible. But back then, tattoo artists or, tufuga, would pass their skills from father to son. The young trainee would learn by watching and then doing. He would serve a very long time, even years tapping his comb, or au, into bark cloth until his trainer (father) would approve of his work. After the time of war, people would still get stick and poke tattoos in honor of their ancestors that fought for them. They would sit through hours of extreme pain to get the tattoos because the marks left would celebrate cultural traditions. It was also common for people to get tattooed to honor those who laid their lives for the people of the islands. Todays tattoos are done in a very sanitary way; clean shops, regular inspections, and sanitization all go into mak ing sure your tattoo doesnt get infected and heals right. However, tatau risked infection and even death by infection. This is why now, many of us Polynesians do not partake in the traditional stick-and-poke tattoos, we prefer to honor our ancestors in a way that is healthy and safe for us all. Not only was the risk for infection and death by infection extreme, but the pain was as well. Polynesians would sit through long hours of intensive pain to get these imprints left on their body, and by the words of my grandmother, the matriarch of our Hawaiian family, we still bear the hurt of tattoos because the pain you feel from your tatau will never match the pain of our ancestors, who gave the ultimate sacrifice for our Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians). That is why we still sit through the pain. To honor those who fought for us. And I can tell you, this is the mindset of a large portion of not only Hawaiinas, but Polynesians as a whole. On the flip side of tattooing, those who refused to be tattooed were looked at very negatively. They were label ed as a palaai, meaning coward. Sometimes, people just couldnt endure the pain, so they walked through life feeling like a shame. Jumping more into todays day and age, tattoos are very common. People all over the world get anything they want put onto their bodies. But we are talking specifically about tattoos from the Pacific Islands. So more modernly, we Polynesians get traditional tribal tattoos, like our ancestors did, to honor them. We use a variation of shapes and designs, as said before, but nowadays we dont get the same tattoos as the warriors and chiefs used to. We get things like shells to represent fertility and peace, shark teeth to honor our ancestors courage and power, a spearhead to represent our own power, and the sun and its rays to symbolize grandness and riches. We also use things like tiki faces, or ikaika, to drive out bad energies. When it comes to tying traditions from two thousand years ago to now, we all still thing of our tattoos as a link between heaven or rangi, and earth or papa, because as you can tell, Polynesian tattoos are mainly based on nature. The placement is important too. A s stated before, women get tattooed on the left and men on the right, which is still true to this day. Before, men used to get tattoos all over if they were warriors, but now, we just stick to the usual sides out of respect to those that have made the ultimate sacrifice for us. Now touching on something I said before, Polynesians get offended by tribal tattoos. You might be thinking Im contradicting myself because this whole essay is about how people of the Pacific Islands honor tattoos so much. Well, its tricky to explain this, but basically if you are not of Polynesian descent, you are frowned upon for getting tattooed in our tribal. Why is this you may ask? Well, it is appropriating our culture. Islanders see our tattoos as something sacred because of the history behind it, so when we see somebody just putting it onto their body for no rhyme or reason, it is quite offensive. Even people like myself, a light-skinned woman who is literally directly related, by blood, to Queen Liliuokalani, would be frowned upon for getting tatau, until someone actually found out that Im of Polynesian descent. Taking everything into consideration, there is a lot of history that goes into learning about the Polynesian tatau. From Capt. James Cook visiting our islands and then bringing tattoos into the Americas, to how we honor our ancestors with tattoos today, holds a special place in the heart of any Polynesian. It resembles our deep, strong reverence for those who sacrificed for us. Not only that, it inspires us to keep traditions alive and to be strong like the people before our time. Polynesian tattoos are sacred, beautiful, and hold so much meaning. They are unique and have history. We will never forget how the islands used to be, because tatau will forever be imprinted on our bodies to remind us.